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1.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : e48-2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-758943

ABSTRACT

Breast cancer is among the most common malignancies affecting women and reproductively intact female dogs, resulting in death from metastatic disease if not treated effectively. To better manage the disease progression, canine mammary tumor (CMT) cells derived from malignant canine mammary cancers were fused to autologous dendritic cells (DCs) to produce living hybrid-cell fusion vaccines for canine patients diagnosed with spontaneous mammary carcinoma. The high-speed sorting of rare autologous canine patient DCs from the peripheral blood provides the autologous component of fusion vaccines, and fusion to major histocompatibility complex-unmatched CMT cells were produced at high rates. The vaccinations were delivered to each patient following a surgical resection 3 times at 3-week intervals in combination with immuno-stimulatory oligonucleotides and Gemcitabine adjunct therapy. The immunized patient animals survived 3.3-times longer (median survival 611 days) than the control patients (median survival 184 days) and also appeared to exhibit an enhanced quality of life. A comparison of vaccinated patients diagnosed with inflammatory mammary carcinoma resulted in a very short median survival (42 days), suggesting no effect of vaccination. The data showed that the development of autologous living DC-based vaccine strategies in patient animals designed to improve the management of canine mammary carcinoma can be successful and may allow an identification of the antigens that can be translatable to promote effective immunity in canine and human patients.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Dendritic Cells , Disease Progression , Histocompatibility , Hybrid Cells , Oligonucleotides , Quality of Life , Vaccination , Vaccines
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(6): 1814-1822, nov.-dez. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-970496

ABSTRACT

709 clinical mastitis cases were analyzed and treated with antimicrobial combination cephalexin-neomycin and the anti-inflammatory prednisolone. A sample of milk was collected to perform a microbiological culture before starting the treatment and 14 days later. Somatic cell count (SCC) was obtained from samples collected on the day of the clinical case (D0), 14 days after (D14) and 28 days after (D28). Of the total, 435 (61.4%) at the D0 exhibited growth of microorganisms. Of the isolated agents, 365 (84%) were Gram-positive, and 66 (16%) were Gram-negative. A clinical cure was achieved in 63% of cases. Bacteriological cure occurred in 75% of cases. Only at D28 after the clinical case a significant SCC reduction was verified. The logistic regression for clinical cure showed significant effects for days in milk and parity (P< 0.05). For bacteriological cure, there were significant effects of Log (SCC) D0; clinical cure and quarter affected (P< 0.05). In the principal component analysis, the Temperature-Humidity Index was associated with reduced clinical cure of clinical mastitis cases.(AU)


Setecentos e nove casos clínicos de mastite foram analisados e tratados com combinação antimicrobiana à base de cefalexina-neomicina e o anti-inflamatório prednisolona. Uma amostra de leite foi coletada para realização de cultura microbiológica antes do início do tratamento e 14 dias depois. A contagem de células somáticas (SCC) foi obtida de amostras coletadas no dia do caso clínico (D0), 14 dias após (D14) e 28 dias após (D28). Do total, 435 (61,4%) no D0 apresentaram crescimento de microrganismos, enquanto em 274 (38,6%) não houve crescimento. Dos agentes isolados, 365 (84%) eram Gram-positivos e 66 (16%) eram Gram-negativos. A cura clínica foi alcançada em 63% dos casos. A cura bacteriológica ocorreu em 75% dos casos. Apenas no D28 verificou-se uma redução significativa na SCC. A regressão logística para a cura clínica mostrou efeitos significativos para dias em lactação e paridade (P<0,05). Para a cura bacteriológica, houve efeitos significativos de Log (SCC) D0; cura clínica e quarto afetado (P<0,05). Na análise do componente principal, o índice de temperatura-umidade foi associado com a redução da cura clínica dos casos clínicos da mastite.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Cattle/abnormalities , Hybrid Cells , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(4): 928-936, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828084

ABSTRACT

Abstract Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), known as “assa-peixe”, has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, hemoptysis, persistent cough, internal abscesses, gastric and kidney stone pain. Moreover, some studies demonstrated that species of Genus Vernonia present antifungal activity. Due to the biological relevance of this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxic, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antifungal potential of V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster or against Candida spp. The aqueous extract of the plant showed no toxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity in the experimental conditions tested using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART/wing). However, when the extract was associated with doxorubicin, used in this work as a positive control, the mutagenic potential of doxorubicin was enhanced, increasing the number of mutations in D. melanogaster somatic cells. In the other hand, no inhibitory activity against Candida spp. was observed for V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract using agar-well diffusion assay. More studies are necessary to reveal the components present in the V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract that could contribute to potentiate the doxorubicin genotoxicity.


Resumo Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), conhecida como “assa-peixe”, tem sido utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de várias doenças, como bronquite, pneumonia, hemoptise, tosse persistente, abcessos internos, afecções gástricas e cálculo renal. Além disso, alguns estudos já demonstraram que espécies do Gênero Vernonia apresentam atividade antifúngica. Devido à relevância biológica dessa espécie, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos citotóxico, genotóxico, antigenotóxico e antifúngico do extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster ou contra Candida spp. O extrato aquoso da planta não apresentou atividade citotóxica, genotóxica e antigenotóxica nas condições experimentais testadas usando o teste de recombinação e mutação somática em asa (SMART-asa). No entanto, quando o extrato foi associado com a doxorrubicina, utilizada neste trabalho como controle positivo, o potencial mutagênico da doxorrubicina foi potencializado, aumentando o número de mutações em células somáticas de D. melanogaster. Por outro lado, nenhuma atividade inibitória contra Candida spp. foi observada utilizando o extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes por meio do método de difusão em ágar. Mais estudos são necessários para desvendar os componentes presentes no extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes que possam contribuir para potencializar a genotoxicidade da doxorrubicina.


Subject(s)
Animals , Candida/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Vernonia , Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects , Mutation/drug effects , DNA Damage/drug effects , Plant Leaves , Cell Culture Techniques , Drosophila melanogaster/cytology , Hybrid Cells , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/pharmacology
4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 34(2): 134-140, fev. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-709856

ABSTRACT

O sistema silvipastoril caracteriza-se por aumentar a produção de leite, com maior número de vacas por hectare devido ao maior aporte de proteína na dieta. Neste sistema as vacas são alimentadas, além do pasto, de pequenas árvores e arbustos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar os principais indicadores de qualidade do leite e agentes causais de mastite em vacas criadas em sistema silvipastoril. Foram avaliadas a composição (teor de gordura, proteína total, lactose, extrato seco, extrato seco desengordurado e nitrogênio uréico), contagem de células somáticas (CCS), contagem bacteriana total (CBT), ocorrência de mastite clínica e subclínica, isolamento microbiológico, perfil de sensibilidade bacteriana "in vitro" e detecção de resíduos antimicrobianos no leite produzido por 100 vacas, bem como do tanque de expansão e latões em propriedades do Vale do Cauca, Colômbia. Os teores médios dos principais constituintes do leite foram 3,24% de gordura, 3,27% de proteína total, 4,40% de lactose, 10,62% de extrato seco, 8,57% de extrato seco desengordurado e 15,82mg/dL de nitrogênio uréico, enquanto do tanque de expansão e latões foi 3,51% de gordura, 3,20% de proteína total, 4,34% de lactose, 11,72% de extrato seco, 8,47% de extrato seco desengordurado e 14,57mg/dL de nitrogênio uréico. A celularidade média dos quartos mamários e do tanque de expansão foi 141.252,75 CS/mL e 363.078,05 CS/mL respectivamente. A CBT média dos quartos mamários e do tanque de expansão foi 4.466,84 UFC/mL e 24.547,01 UFC/mL. Os principais micro-organismos isolados dos quartos mamários foram Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus dysgalatiae, enquanto do tanque de expansão foram identificados Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Hafnia alveii, Streptococcus hemolítico e Streptococcus spp., com maior frequência. A presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos em leite de vacas e do tanque ou latão foi detectada em 30% e 86% das amostras, respectivamente. O sistema silvipastoril mostrou ser uma boa alternativa para produção de leite em vacas. No entanto, são necessários cuidados no tratamento mamário para evitar resíduos no leite e a análise de todos os parâmetros de qualidade para garantir um produto diferenciado.


The silvopastoral system is characterized by increasing the production of milk with a greater number of cows per hectare due to the higher amount of protein in the diet. In silvopastoral system cows are fed in addition to pasture, small trees and shrubs. The aim of this study was determinate the main indicators of milk quality and mastitis causal agents in cows bred on silvopastoral system. We evaluated the composition (fat, total protein, lactose, solids, dry extract, nonfat dry and urea nitrogen), somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC), occurrence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, microbiological isolation, in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity profile and detection of antimicrobial residues in milk produced by 100 cows raised in silvopastoral systems, as well as the bulk tank and churns in farms of Cauca Valley, Colombia. The concentration of the major constituents of milk were 3.24% fat, 3.27% total protein, 4.40% lactose, 10.62% dry extract, 8.57% nonfat dry and 15.82mg/dL urea nitrogen, while the bulk tank and churns was 3.51% fat, 3.20% total protein, 4.34% lactose, 11.72% dry extract, 8.47% nonfat dry and 14.57mg/dL urea nitrogen. The cell count of the cows and the bulk tank was 141,252.75 CS/mL and 363,078.05 CS/mL respectively. The TBC mean in cows and the bulk tank was 4,466.84 CFU/mL and 24,547.01 CFU/mL respectively. The main microorganisms isolated from the udder cows were Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus dysgalatiae, while the bulk tank were identified more often Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Hafnia alveii, hemolytic Streptococcus and Streptococcus spp. Antimicrobial residues in cow milk and bulk or churn were detected in 30% and 86% respectively. The silvopastoral system showed to be good alternative to milk production in cow. However is important the care with antimicrobial residues in milk and the analysis of all quality parameters to ensure a differentiated product.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Anti-Infective Agents/analysis , Cattle/growth & development , Bacterial Load/veterinary , Mastitis, Bovine/diagnosis , Pasture/methods , Cell Count/veterinary , Hybrid Cells , Livestock Industry
5.
Chinese Journal of Cancer ; (12): 133-139, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-320529

ABSTRACT

This perspective article highlights the leukocyte-cancer cell hybrid theory as a mechanism for cancer metastasis. Beginning from the first proposal of the theory more than a century ago and continuing today with the first proof for this theory in a human cancer, the hybrid theory offers a unifying explanation for metastasis. In this scenario, leukocyte fusion with a cancer cell is a secondary disease superimposed upon the early tumor, giving birth to a new, malignant cell with a leukocyte-cancer cell hybrid epigenome.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Bone Marrow Cells , Cell Biology , Pathology , Cell Fusion , Hybrid Cells , Pathology , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasms , Pathology , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Pathology
6.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(3): 291-298, Mar. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-674373

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se a utilização da vacina Escherichia coli J5, na imunização de vacas leiteiras, para prevenção e controle da mastite causada por E. coli através da análise da prevalência das infecções intramamárias (IMM) no pós-parto, ocorrência e intensidade dos casos clínicos de mastite nos primeiros 100 dias de lactação, influência na contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e produção de leite. O grupo experimental foi composto de 187 animais, divididos em 2 grupos, vacas vacinadas e não vacinadas. As imunizações ocorreram 60 dias antes do parto, 30 dias antes do parto e na primeira semana pós-parto. No dia da secagem e sete dias após o parto foram coletadas amostras para diagnóstico microbiológico dos patógenos causadores de mastite. A ocorrência de casos clínicos foi verificada pelo teste da caneca durante as ordenhas sendo registrados os dados relacionados à intensidade. Amostras foram coletadas mensalmente, a partir do décimo dia de lactação, para avaliação da CCS. A produção de leite foi registrada mensalmente nos primeiros 100 dias de lactação. Verificou-se no grupo vacinado, redução na prevalência de E. coli no pós-parto, na ocorrência de casos clínicos por E.coli nos primeiros 100 dias de lactação bem como na intensidade destes casos clínicos. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas na CCS, entretanto vacas vacinadas apresentaram maior produção de leite, comparadas às vacas não vacinadas. A vacinação com E. coli J5 foi eficaz em reduzir a prevalência de infecções intramamárias (IMM) ao parto, ocorrência e intensidade dos casos clínicos e aumento na produção de leite nos primeiros 100 dias de lactação.


We evaluated the use of Escherichia coli J5 vaccine immunization in dairy cows for the prevention and control of mastitis caused by E. coli. Were analyzed the prevalence of postpartum intramammary infections (IMM), occurrence and severity of clinical cases of mastitis in the first 100 days of lactation, influence on somatic cell count (SCC) and milk production. The experimental group consisted of 187 animals that were divided into two groups, vaccinated and unvaccinated cows. Immunizations occurred 60 days before calving, 30 days before calving and the first week postpartum. On the day of drying and seven days after birth, samples were collected for microbiological diagnosis of mastitis pathogens. The occurrence of clinical cases was verified by testing during the milking and data was recorded related to the intensity and duration. Samples were collected monthly starting at day ten of lactation to evaluate the CCS. Milk production was recorded monthly for the first 100 days of lactation. It was found in the vaccinated group reduction in the prevalence of E. coli in the postpartum period, the occurrence of clinical cases of E. coli in the first 100 days of lactation as well the intensity of these clinical cases. There were no statistically significant differences in CCS, however vaccinated cows had higher milk production, compared to unvaccinated cows. Vaccination with E. coli J5 was effective in reducing the prevalence of intramammary infections (IMM) at calving, occurrence and intensity of clinical cases and an increase in milk production in the first 100 days of lactation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Hybrid Cells/immunology , Mastitis, Bovine/immunology , Escherichia coli Vaccines/therapeutic use , Immunoglobulins , Lactoferrin
7.
Coluna/Columna ; 12(4): 300-303, 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-699034

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Presentar la filosofía utilizada y como y por qué decidimos proteger el nivel adyacente a una fusión. MÉTODOS: En el criterio de selección de 620 pacientes operados entre enero de 2007 y agosto de 2011 por patología degenerativa, inestabilidad y estenosis del conducto lumbosacro, se seleccionaron 30 pacientes con estadios de Pfirmann 3 y 4, de los cuales seis se perdieron en la consulta postoperatoria y cuatro rechazaron la terapéutica quirúrgica, quedando 20 pacientes que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 46 años (rango: 22 a 71 años), siendo 11 hombres (55%) y 9 mujeres (45%). RESULTADOS: El seguimiento de los casos es de 6 meses a 2 años y hasta el momento no se evidenció empeoramiento clínicoo radiológico, ni aflojamiento de la instrumentación en ningún caso. CONCLUSIONES: Entendemos que la protección del nivel adyacente mediante el empleo de barras semirrígidas en PEEK sería una buena alternativa de protección debido a que no es necesario abordar el ligamento o los pedículos del nivel adyacente a la fusión.


OBJETIVO: Apresentar a filosofia utilizada e como e por que decidimos proteger o nível adjacente a uma fusão. MÉTODOS: No critério de seleção de 620 pacientes operados entre janeiro de 2007 e agosto de 2011 devido a patologia degenerativa, instabilidade e estenose do canal lombossacral, foram escolhidos 30 pacientes com estágios 3 e 4 de Pfirmann, dos quais seis foram perdidos na consulta pós-operatória e quatro recusaram a cirurgia, restando 20 pacientes que foram submetidos à cirurgia. A idade média dos pacientes era 46 anos (faixa: 22 a 71), sendo 11 homens (55%) e 9 mulheres (45%). RESULTADOS: O acompanhamento dos casos é de 6 meses a 2 anos e, até o momento, não se evidenciou piora clínica ou radiológica, nem afrouxamento da instrumentação em nenhum caso. CONCLUSÕES: Entendemos que a proteção do nível adjacente por meio do emprego de hastes semirrígidas em PEEK seria uma boa alternativa de proteção, devido ao fato de não ser necessário abordar o ligamento ou os pedículos do nível adjacente à fusão.


OBJECTIVE: To present the philosophy used, and demonstrate how and why we decided to protect the level adjacent to a bone union. METHODS: In the selection criteria of 620 patients who had undergone surgery between January 2007 and August 2011 due to degenerative pathology, instability and stenosis of the lumbosacral canal, 30 patients were selected with Pfirmann grades 3 and 4, from which six were lost to follow-up and four refused surgery, leaving 20 patients who underwent surgery. The mean age of the patients was 46 years (range: 22 to 71), with 11 men (55%) and 9 women (45%). RESULTS: The follow-up of the cases was 6 months to 2 years, and so far, no clinical or radiological worsening has been observed, or loosening of the instrumentation in any case. CONCLUSIONS: we understand that protection of the adjacent level through the use of semi-rigid rods in PEEK is a good alternative, as it is not necessary to approach the ligament or pedicles of the level adjacent to the union.


Subject(s)
Humans , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration , Spinal Fusion , Spine/surgery , Hybrid Cells
8.
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) ; (12): 570-575, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-814841

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To construct dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) expression interference vectors to study the role of DRD1 in nerve cells and lay a foundation for drug development in anti-convulsion.@*METHODS@#Based on DRD1 gene sequence in GenBank, 10 interfere vectors of DRD1 were designed. Liposomal was used to transfect NG-108-15 and the transfect effect was assayed by GFP. With realtime PCR and Western blot, the DRD1 expression was detected.@*RESULTS@#The 10 constructed interfere vectors transfected into NG-108-15 cells by liposomal method and inhibited DRD1 mRNA and protein expression. DRD1 mRNA expression in NG-108-15 cells transfected with pGPU6-GFP-Neo-si-DRD1-5 was the lowest whereas DRD1 protein expression in NG-108-15 cells transfected with pGPU6-GFP-Neo-si-DRD1-1, -2, -6, -7 was the lowest.@*CONCLUSION@#DRD1 expression interference vector is successfully constructed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cell Line, Tumor , Genetic Vectors , Glioma , Pathology , Hybrid Cells , Liposomes , Metabolism , Neuroblastoma , Pathology , RNA Interference , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , Receptors, Dopamine D1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Transfection
9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 32(9): 850-854, set. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-654363

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a viabilidade celular, a capacidade de fagocitose e espraiamento pelos fagócitos mononucleares, e a liberação de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) por leucócitos oriundos de glândulas mamárias bovinas sadias e infectadas. Deste modo, 94 amostras foram divididas de acordo com os resultados da cultura bacteriológica e da contagem de células somáticas (CCS). O presente estudo não encontrou diferenças na viabilidade celular, e nos índices de fagocitose e espraiamento entre os diferentes grupos. No entanto, a liberação de H2O2 oriundos dos quartos mamários infectados, infectados por Streptococcus spp. ou Corynebacterium spp. foi menor do que nas amostras de leite provenientes dos quartos mamários sadios. Ao estimar a concentração de H2O2 mL-1 leite observou-se que as amostras de quartos mamários positivos no exame bacteriológico, infectados por Staphylococcus spp. e negativos no exame bacteriológico com alta celularidade foram maiores que aquelas provenientes de quartos mamários sadios. Observou-se também correlação positiva entre a CCS e a viabilidade celular e os índices de fagocitose e espraiamento; e correlação negativa entre a liberação de H2O2 e a CCS e a viabilidade celular. Conclui-se que a CCS, assim como a sua viabilidade e função, são conceitos intimamente relacionados com a saúde da glândula mamária.


The study aimed to evaluate the cell viability, the phagocytosis and spreading rates by the mononuclear phagocytes, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release by leukocytes from healthy and infected mammary glands. Thus, 94 milk samples were divided according the results of the bacteriological analysis and the somatic cell count (SCC). No significant difference was found in cell viability, the phagocytosis and spreading rates by mononuclear phagocytes between the distinct groups. Therefore, the H2O2 release by leukocytes was higher in the milk samples from healthy mammary glands compared to those infected with Streptococcus spp. or Corynebacterium spp. However, when the H2O2 release by phagocytes in 1mL of milk according to SCC mL-1 of each sample was estimated, it was found that milk samples from infected, infected with Staphylococcus spp. and bacteriological negative quarters with high SCC were higher than the healthy ones. It was also observed a positive correlation among SCC and cell viability or phagocytosis and spreading rates, and a negative correlation between H2O2 release and cell viability or SCC. In face of, it can be concluded that the SCC, as well as their function and the cell viability, are related to mammary gland health.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cell Survival , Mammary Glands, Animal/microbiology , Hydrogen Peroxide , Leukocytes , Phagocytes , Phagocytosis , Bacteriological Techniques , Hybrid Cells
10.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 15(1): 5-12, jan-jun. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-681421

ABSTRACT

Com o aumento da população, crescimento de renda, redução dos preços de produtos e mudanças dos hábitos alimentares, a demanda por leite e derivados tem aumentado, sendo importante melhorar a qualidade do leite e aumentar o rendimento das indústrias. Este artigo relata os resultados de um estudo no qual foram utilizadas 18.366 amostras de leite coletadas de tanques de resfriamento, entre 2007 e 2010, nos municípios de Verê, Guaraniaçú e Tapejara, localizados respectivamente nas regiões Sudoeste, Oeste e Noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Foi montado um banco de dados, a partir do qual se realizou análise de variância, para verificar os efeitos das estações do ano e das regiões sobre a qualidade do leite, bem como análise da correlação da contagem bacteriana total (CBT) e de células somáticas (CCS). Concluiu-se que o leite produzido nas estações frias do ano apresenta melhor qualidade físico-química e microbiológica (p<0,01). Quanto às regiões, o leite produzido no município de Verê foi superior em sólidos totais (ST), gordura e proteína. O município de Tapejara teve o maior índice de lactose e menor quantidade de CCS (p<0,01), e em Guaraniaçú se obteve menor CBT (p<0,01). Os níveis de gordura e proteína foram os fatores que mais interferiram no porcentual de ST (p<0,01). Já os níveis de CBT e CCS interferiram de forma negativa sobre a maioria dos parâmetros da qualidade do leite. Observou-se diminuição significativa na CBT e aumento no teor de ST, mas a CCS mostrou tendência de alta, indicando falta de controle eficiente das mastites.


The growth of human population and higher financial income, food price reduction, and changes of nutritional habits have led to the increasing demand for milk and dairy products, making important to improve milk quality and industrial productivity. This paper reports the results of a 2007-2010 study using 18,366 milk samples collected from cooling reservoirs in the cities of Verê, Guaraniaçú and Tapejara, respectivelylocated in the southwestern, western and northwestern regions of the State of Paraná, Brazil. A database was set and was utilized for the analysis of variance to verify the effects of seasons and regions on the milk quality, and for the correlation analysis of total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC). It was concluded that milk produced in the cold seasons has better physical-chemical and microbiological qualities (p<0.01). Regarding the regions, milk produced in Verêpresented more total solids (TS), fat and protein. Milk from the city of Tapejara had the highest rate of lactose and lowest SCC (p<0.01), and milk from Guaraniaçu showed the least amount of CBT (p<0.01). Fat and protein levels were the most interfering factors in the percentage of ST (p<0.01), whereas TBC and SCC levels interfered negatively on most parameters of milk quality. Significant decrease ofTBC and increase of TS were observed, but SCC tended to increase, indicating lack of efficient mastitis control.


Con el aumento de la población, crecimiento de la renta, reducción de precios de los productos, cambios en los hábitos de alimentación, la demanda por la leche y productos lácteos han aumentado, así es importante mejorar la calidad de la leche y aumentar la rentabilidad de las industrias. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio que empleó 18.366 muestras de leche colectadas de tanques de resfriamiento, entre 2007 y 2010, en los municipios de Verê, Guaraniaçú y Tapejara, ubicados respectivamente en las regiones Suroeste, Oeste y Noroeste del Estado de Paraná, Brasil. Se creó una base de datos, de la cual se realizó análisis de varianza para verificar los efectos de las estaciones del año y de las regiones sobre la calidad de la leche, así como análisis de la correlación de recuento total de bacterias (RTB) y recuento de células somáticas (RCS). Se concluyó que la leche producida en las estaciones frías del año presenta mejor calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológicos (p <0,01). Cuanto a las regiones, la leche producida en el municipio de Verê fue superior en sólidos totales (ST), grasa y proteína. El municipio de Tapejara tuvo la tasa más alta de lactosa y menos SCC (p <0,01), y Guaraniaçu mostró menor cantidad de TCC (p <0,01). Los niveles de grasa y proteína fueron los factores que más influyeron en el porcentaje de ST (p <0,01). Los niveles de TBC y SCC han interferido negativamente sobre la mayoría de los parámetros de calidad de la leche. Se observó disminución significativa en RTB y aumento en el tenor de ST, pero SCC ha mostrado tendencia de alta, indicando falta de control eficiente de las mastitis.


Subject(s)
Hybrid Cells/cytology , Fats/analysis , Proteins/chemistry , Milk/classification , Food Quality
11.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 31(12): 1045-1052, dez. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-611200

ABSTRACT

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the performance of Jersey and Holstein cows under different rainfall conditions (dry and rainy seasons) by monitoring aspects related to subclinical mastitis (somatic cell count, microbiological isolation, type of isolated pathogen), milk quality (lactose, protein, fat, total solids) and production (mean milk production) of both breeds. The study was carried out in a dairy farm located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Eight visitations were done to the farm, four in a period of high rainfall and four in a period of low rainfall. Milk samples were collected from 79 Holstein cows and 37 Jersey cows for electronic somatic cell count and determination of the main milk components (protein, fat, total solids, lactose). Milk fat, protein, total solids and production were influenced by breed and the season, with similar tendencies for both breeds in both seasons. Somatic cell count (SCC) showed similar results for both breeds. Holstein cows with intramammary infections (IMI) presented a higher increase in SCC when compared to Jersey cows (P<0.001). In the dry season, 53 animals had IMI in at least one month during the study, which 32 were Holstein and 21 were Jersey cows. In the rainy season, 65 animals had intramammary infection, being 43 Holstein and 22 Jersey cows. The frequency of IMI cases was larger in the rainy season than in the dry season. Jersey cows had a lower chance of showing IMI signs and symptoms than Holstein cows in the rainy season (odds ratio=0.52). The larger number of IMI cases in the rainy season may have led to a lower milk lactose rate for both breeds, thus milk lactose rate can be considered an indicator of IMI status. There was prevalence of contagious pathogens overall in the study. The applied model showed that environmental pathogens were more frequently isolated from the breed Jersey, regardless of the study season. There seems to be differences in the immune response of Jersey and Holstein breeds.


Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar a performance das raças Jersey e Holandesa em diferentes condições de pluviosidade (estações seca e chuvosa) através do monitoramento de aspectos relacionados com a mastite subclínica (contagem de células somáticas, isolamento microbiológico, tipo de patógeno isolado), qualidade do leite (lactose, proteína, gordura e sólidos totais) e produção (media da produção de leite) de ambas as raças. O estudo foi conduzido em propriedade leiteira localizada no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Oito visitas foram realizadas a propriedade, quatro em período de alta pluviosidade e outro em período de baixa pluviosidade. Amostras de leite foram colhidas de todos os animais para contagem eletrônica de células somáticas e determinação dos principais componentes do leite (proteína, gordura, sólidos totais, lactose). Gordura, proteína, sólidos totais e produção leiteira foram influenciadas tanto pela raça como pela estação, apresentando tendências similares para ambas raças em ambas estações. A contagem de células somáticas (CCS) apresentou resultados similares para ambas as raças. Vacas holandesas com infecção intramamária (IIM) apresentaram um maior aumento na CCS quando comparadas as vacas Jersey (P<0.001). Na estação seca, 53 animais tiveram IIM em pelo menos um mês do estudo. Destes, 32 eram da raça Holandesa e 21 da raça Jersey. Na estação chuvosa, 65 animais possuíram infecção intramamária, dos quais 43 eram da raça Holandesa e 22 da raça Jersey. A frequência de casos de IIM foi maior na estação chuvosa em comparação à estação seca. Vacas Jersey apresentaram uma menor chance de desenvolver sinais e sintomas de IIM em relação às vacas holandesas na estação chuvosa (razão de chances=0.52). O maior numero de casos de IIM na estação chuvosa pode ter contribuído para uma menor taxa de lactose no leite para ambas as raças, sendo que esta pode ser considerada como um indicador do status de IIM. Existiu uma prevalência de patógenos contagiosos durante todo o experimento. O modelo estatístico aplicado mostrou que patógenos ambientais foram mais frequentemente isolados da raça Jersey, independentemente do período do estudo. Aparentemente existem diferenças na resposta imune das raças Jersey e Holandesa.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Dry Season , Milk/microbiology , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Rainy Season , Bacterial Load/veterinary , Hybrid Cells/physiology , Cell Count/veterinary , Lactose/analysis
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 63(4): 805-813, ago. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-599597

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de uma combinação homeopática sobre a contagem de células somáticas do leite (CCS), o teor sanguíneo de cortisol e a resposta de anticorpos neutralizantes antivírus da raiva de vacas leiteiras. Trinta e duas vacas Holandesas em lactação foram blocadas em pares e aleatoriamente alocadas a um de dois tratamentos por 63 dias, posterior a um período de padronização de 14 dias. A CCS mensurada no final da padronização ajustou os valores semanais de CCS no modelo de análise estatística. Os tratamentos foram: 150 gramas de uma combinação homeopática (Hypothalamus, 10-30; Colibacilinum, 10-30; Streptococus Beta Hemolyticum, 10-60; Streptococus Uberis, 10-60; Phytolacca, 10-60; Calcium Phosphoricum, 10-30; Natrum Muriaticum, 10-60; Urtica Urens, 10-30; Silicea Terra, 10-400) em veículo mineral, ou 150 gramas do mesmo veículo mineral (controle). A homeopatia tendeu a aumentar a CCS de 124 para 222 x1.000 células mL-1 (P=0,09) e a CCS linearizada (P=0,08). Não foram detectados efeitos de tratamento sobre a concentração sérica de cortisol após estresse induzido por aspiração percutânea do saco ventral do rúmen (P=0,59) ou sobre o título de anticorpos neutralizantes em resposta à vacinação antivírus da raiva (P=0,40). A suplementação com homeopatia tendeu a aumentar a CCS de vacas com baixa CCS.


The effect of supplementing a homeopathic combination on milk somatic cell count (SCC), blood cortisol content and the antibody response to rabies vaccination of dairy cows was evaluated. Thirty-two lactating Holstein cows were paired blocked and randomly assigned to one of two treatments for 63 days, following a 14-day standardization period. The SCC measured at the end of standardization period adjusted weekly SCC values in the statistical analysis model. Treatments were: 150 grams of a homeopathic combination (Hypothalamus, 10-30; Colibacilinum, 10-30; Streptococcus Beta Hemolyticum, 10-60, Streptococcus Uberis, 10-60; Phytolacca, 10-60; Calcium Phosphoricum, 10-30; Natrum Muriaticum, 10-60; Urtica Urens, 10-30, Silicea Terra, 10-400) in mineral vehicle, or 150 grams of the same mineral vehicle (Control). Homeopathy tended to increase SCC from 124 to 222 x1,000 cells mL-1 (P=0.09) and linear SCC (P=0.08). There were no detectable treatment effects upon serum cortisol concentration following stress induced by percutaneous aspiration of the ventral rumen (P=0.59) and upon serum antibody title in response to rabies vaccination (P=0.40). The supplementation with homeopathy tented to increase the SCC of low SCC cows.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism , Cattle/growth & development , Cell Count , Hybrid Cells/metabolism , Hydrocortisone/blood , Homeopathy/veterinary , Rabies/veterinary , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Mastitis, Bovine
13.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 25(6): 121-128, nov.-dec. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545495

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, encontram-se basicamente, para a produção de leite, três mecanismos de ordenha, a ordenha mecânica de circuito fechado, ordenha mecânica de balde ao pé e a ordenha manual. Em razão do clima tropical, vacas mestiças europeu × zebu compõem a grande maioria do rebanho leiteiro, o que torna comum a presença do bezerro ao pé da vaca durante a ordenha. Com o objetivo de verificar a incidência de mastite em vacas submetidas aos três tipos diferentes de ordenha, foi utilizada a contagem eletrônica de células somáticas (CCS) em 21 fazendas leiteiras, sendo sete de cada tipo, na região do Triângulo Mineiro, MG. Foram feitas análises de 629 amostras do leite de vacas mestiças leiteiras, com período de lactação variando de 30 a 240 dias, com ou sem bezerro ao pé. Foram empregadas análise descritiva, análise de variância e análise de correlação entre CCS e período de lactação. Os resultados mostraram que a ordenha manual apresentou menores valores de CCS (352.670 células/mL) (p<0,05), do que a ordenha mecânica de circuito fechado (886.396 células/mL) e a ordenha mecânica de balde ao pé (1.167.308), sendo esta última a que apresentou maior valor de CCS entre os três tipos de ordenha avaliados, sendo que a mesma não diferiu estatisticamente da segunda (p>0,05). Também não houve correlação entre o tempo de lactação e a CCS do leite, bem como não foi observada influência do bezerro ao pé na ocorrência de mastite, em nenhum tipo de ordenha. Portanto, dentre os parâmetros avaliados o mecanismo de se ordenhar foi o maior responsável pela alteração nos valores da CCS e consequentes níveis de infecção da glândula mamária.


Brazil and the other developing countries have three basic systems for milking dairy cows: fully mechanical, mechanical to bucket and manual milking. Cross-bred cows compose the majority of the herds of sub tropical and tropical countries. Most cows are milked with the calves at foot. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of each system of milking on the occurrence of mastitis, diagnosed by the electronic somatic cell count (SCC). Twenty one dairy farms in the "Triângulo Mineiro" of the State of Minas Gerais were included in the sample with seven farms representing each system of milking. A total of 629 samples of milk were examined from cows in various stages of lactation (from 30 to 240 days), with and without calves at foot. Statistical analyses were employed including the correlation between SCC and the stage of lactation. The results showed that manual milking was associated with lower values of SCC (352,670.42 cells per mL) (p<0,05) than either system of fully mechanical milking (886,396.85 cells per mL), the machine to bucket system (1,167,308.14 cells per mL) being associated with the highest, although without significant difference from fully mechanized milking (p>0,05). There was no correlation between the stage of lactation and the SCC of milk and moreover no influence was observed from the suckling calves in terms of causing mastitis. It was concluded that the system of milking used by the producer is the variable most responsible for alterations in the values of SCC and for infection in the mammary gland.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle Diseases , Hybrid Cells , Mammary Glands, Animal , Mastitis , Mastitis, Bovine
16.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2008; 11 (3): 183-189
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-103254

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study was to investigate the status of chromosome stability in 3 human-mouse hybridoma cell lines over a period of time in various passages. Metaphase spreads from 3 human-mouse cell lines [HF2X653, SPMO-4 and F3B6] that had been cultured in 4 successive passages, from 1 to 4 weeks, were prepared and analyzed. Metaphase chromosomes stained in Giemsa and a fluorescent dye, Hoechst 33258, for differential staining. This staining was performed for differentiating human and mouse chromosomes. Numerical chromosome analysis showed that although in successive passages the total number of chromosomes in hybridoma cells remained unchanged, some changes occurred in the number of human and mouse metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes during different passages. These changes were detectable, using fluorescence staining method. Since one of the main uses of human-mouse hybridoma cells is producing monoclonal antibody, chromosomal instability in these cells causes the loss of human chromosomes coding the antibody of interest occasionally. Therefore, cytogenetical analysis and characterization of these cells, especially by using the appropriate ways of chromosomal identification, is essential prior to use


Subject(s)
Chromosomal Instability/immunology , Bisbenzimidazole , Hybrid Cells , Cell Line
17.
Int. j. high dilution res ; 7(24): 147-151, 2008. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-529832

ABSTRACT

The present paper presents the results of homeopathic treatment of 25 Holstein breed cows aged 3 to 8 years old diagnosed with subclinical mastitis through California Mastitis Test (CMT). Animals were divided into 3 groups according with infection level. A homeopathic complex was developed on the grounds of clinical aspects, including Phosphorus 30x, Phytolacca 30x, Silicea 30x, Sulphur 30x, Belladona 30x, Bryonia alba 30x, Pulsatilla 30x, Calendula 30x and biotherapic of Staphylococcus aureus 200x. The remedy was added to salt and was administered to cattle 100g/cow/day for 75 days. CMT were carried out every 2 weeks to control incidence and severity of mastitis; somatic cells count (SCC) was performed at the beginning and the end of treatment. CMT showed significant improvement in regression of infection level all throughout the study; final SCC showed decrease in 82% of animals, signaling thus efficacy of the homeopathic treatment.


Este artigo apresenta os resultados do tratamento homeopático de 25 vacas raça Holstein entre 3 e 8 anos de idade diagnosticadas com mastite subclínica através do California Mastitis Test (CMT). Os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com o nível da infecção. Foi preparado um complexo homeopático com base nos achados clínicos, composto de: Phosphorus 30X, Phytolacca 30x, Sulphur 30x, Belladona 30x, Bryonia alba 30x, Silicea 30x, Pulsatilla 30x, Calendula 30x s 30X, Phytolacca 30x, Sulphur 30x, Belladona 30x, Bryonia alba 30x, Silicea 30x, Pulsatilla 30x, Calendula 30x e bioterápico de Staphylococcus aureus 200x. O complexo foi acrescentado no sal e administrado na dose de 100g/vaca/dia. O CMT foi realizado a cada 2 semanas a fim de monitorar a incidência e gravidade da mastitie; a contagem de células somáticas (SCC) foi realizada ao início e no final do tratamento. Os valores do CMT mostraram melhora significativa no sentido de regressão do nível da infecção ao longo do estudo; o valor final da SCC diminuiu em 82% dos animais, apontando para a eficácia do tratamento homeopático.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Hybrid Cells , Homeopathy , Mastitis, Bovine
18.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 793-802, 2008.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-342834

ABSTRACT

In order to expand gene resources and improve Brassica napus cultivars, protoplasts isolated from hypocotyls of Brassica napus cv. Huayou No. 3 and Eruca sativa were fused by PEG-high Ca2+-high pH. Fusion frequency was up to 18.2% when fusion system contained 5 x 10(5) protoplasts/mL, and when PEG concentration of fusion agents were 35% and when fusion time was 25 min. Then the fused protoplasts were cultured by the method of thin liquid layer at the density of 1 x 10(5) protoplasts/mL in improved KM8p medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L 6-BA, 200 mg/L inositol, 300 mg/L protein hydrolysate, and the combinations of 0.1 mol/L sucrose and 0.2 mol/L glucose and 0.2 mol/L mannitol for osmotic regulator, the frequency of callus regeneration was up to 6.8%. When the micro-calli transferred to the proliferation medium that contained B5 salts, 0.087 mol/L sucrose, 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA, 0.2 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5% Agar, pH 5.8, have grown up to 3-5 mm of diameter, the calli were transferred to the differentiation medium that contained MS salts, 0.087 mol/L sucrose, 0.1 mg/L IAA, 0.8 mg/L 6-BA, 0.8% Agar, pH5.8, the shoots were regenerated in 4 weeks and its frequency was up to 32.8%. Then 2-3 cm shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA+0.2mg/L 6-BA, plantlets were obtained in 14 days and the plantlet frequency was up to 88%. When the protoplasts of Eruca sativa were treated with UV radiation for 2 minutes calli and plantlets have been regenerated, treated for 4 min only calli have been regenerated, and treated for more than 5 min calli have not been regenerated. The callus regeneration and callus proliferation and plant regeneration from symmetric fusion were more than from asymmetric fusion. 16 hybrid plantlets have been regenerated on 21 piece of hybrid calli identified by cytology method.


Subject(s)
Brassica , Genetics , Brassicaceae , Genetics , Cell Fusion , Hybrid Cells , Hybridization, Genetic , Protoplasts , Regeneration , Ultraviolet Rays
19.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 28(4): 685-693, out.-dez. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-518348

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de leite e a contagem de células somáticas de bovinos leiteiros, suplementados com Saccharomyces cerevisiae, como fonte de zinco orgânico, por 180 dias, foram separadas aleatoriamente 25 vacas holandesas, em um rebanho de 189 vacas em lactação. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos, sendo grupo 1 (G1) composto por 10 vacas suplementadas e grupo 2 (G2) 15 animais sem suplementação. A produção de leite foi mensurada pelo controle leiteiro oficial da Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa em sete momentos durante os 180 dias. As amostras de leite foram coletadas de cada animal, sendo submetidas à contagem eletrônica de células somáticas. Os resultados demonstram que a suplementação de zinco orgânico não alterou a produção de leite, contudo foi capaz de manter baixa a contagem de células somáticas. Os dados do presente trabalho sugerem que utilizar suplementação de zinco orgânico na dieta de vacas leiteiras, aumente a qualidade do leite produzido e conseqüentemente a remuneração para o produtor.


The aim of the evaluation of milk production and somatic cell count of dairy cow supplemented withSaccharomyces cerevisiae as a source of organic zinc for 180 days, 25 Holstein cows were selected,randomly chosen from a flock of 189 lactating cows. The animals were distributed in two groups, namelygroup 1 (G1) which holded 10 cows supplemented and group 2 (G2) with 15 animals withoutsupplementation. The production of milk was measured by the control official milkman of the AssocitionParanaense of Creators of Bovine of the Holstein in seven moments during the 180 days. The samples of milk were collected of each animal, being submitted to the electronic counting of somatic cells. Theresults demonstrate that the supplemented of organic zinc didn’t alter the production of milk, however itwas capable to maintain low the counting of somatic cells. The data of the present work suggest that touse supplemented of organic zinc in the diet of cows milk, increase the quality of the produced milk andconsequently the remuneration for the producer.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Hybrid Cells , Milk , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Zinc
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(11): 1367-1369, nov. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-472835

ABSTRACT

The HFEA (Human Fertilisations & Embryology Authority) recently accepted to perform research in hybrid embryos generated by transferring human somatic cell nucleus to cow enucleated oocytes, named cytoplasmatic hybrids. The aim is to obtain a source of embryonic stem cells without the use of human oocytes. The arguments for the approval are to avoid the risk of obtaining human oocytes and that these embryos will not be transferred to a female's womb for its development. Those who oppose the technique argue that it is a manipulation of the beginning of life and a disrespect to the dignity of human life because of the destruction of embryos. Nevertheless, the real nature of this new entity has not been established. Biologically it is an embryo with 99 percent of human genome and animal's cytoplasm, not generated from human gametes, it is not a new genome and it will be used only to cultivate stem cells. It does not seem possible to define its nature beyond any doubts. If it were considered as a human embryo it should be respected and protected as every human being. Once more, scientific progress opens new ethical and legal questions that we cannot answer in a definitive way. Researchers are exploring new roads to obtain pluripotential stem cells which should favor the development of innovative therapies. The main objection is the unavoidable destruction of human embryos, although in this case its origin and nature are not clear.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethical Issues , Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology , Hybrid Cells , Research Embryo Creation , Stem Cell Transplantation , Embryo Disposition , Fertilization in Vitro , Value of Life
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